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As a result of World War II, Poland's borders were shifted west. Within Poland's new boundaries there remained a substantial number of ethnic Germans, who were expelled from Poland until 1951.〔 The remaining former German citizens were primarily ''autochthons'', who were allowed to stay in post-war Poland after declaring Polish nationality in a verification process.〔''(The Expulsion of 'German' Communities from Eastern Europe at the end of the Second World War )'', Steffen Prauser and Arfon Rees, European University Institute, Florense. HEC No. 2004/1. p.28〕 According to article 116 of the German constitution, all former German citizens (regardless of nationality) may be "re-granted German citizenship on application" and are "considered as not having been deprived of their German citizenship if they have established their domicile in Germany after May 8, 1945 and have not expressed a contrary intention."〔Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany〕 This regulation allowed the ''autochthons'', and ethnic Germans permitted to stay in Poland, to reclaim German citizenship and settle in West Germany. In addition to those groups, a substantial number of Poles who never had German citizenship were emigrating to West Germany during the period of the People's Republic of Poland for political and economic reasons. ==Flight and expulsion of Germans from Poland== (詳細はPeople's Republic of Poland (which contained a substantial amount of territory that was once part of Germany). Groups forced to move included ethnic Germans from the Recovered Territories to the post-war Allied Occupation Zones in Germany and ethnic Ukrainians from eastern Poland to the USSR or the Recovered Territories. The decision to move the Polish border westward was made by the Allies at the Tehran and Yalta Conferences and finalized in the Potsdam Agreement, which also provided for the expulsion of German citizens to Allied occupation zones.〔Ryszard W. Piotrowicz, Sam Blay, Gunnar Schuster, Andreas Zimmermann, ''The unification of Germany in international and domestic law'', Rodopi, 1997, pp.46-49, ISBN 90-5183-755-0 ()〕〔Potsdam Agreement, full text at pbs.org ()〕 Although the Potsdam Agreement left the final decision about the border shift to a future peace treaty, the Polish government (which had implemented pre-Potsdam expulsions from the Oder-Neisse line area)〔Philipp Ther, ''Deutsche Und Polnische Vertriebene: Gesellschaft und Vertriebenenpolitik in SBZ/DDR und in Polen 1945-1956'', 1998, p. 57, ISBN 3-525-35790-7〕 interpreted it as final decision which would be confirmed by the peace treaty.〔Ryszard W. Piotrowicz, Sam Blay, Gunnar Schuster, Andreas Zimmermann, ''The unification of Germany in international and domestic law'', Rodopi, 1997, pp.48-50, ISBN 90-5183-755-0 ()〕 In reality, the Potsdam Agreement took its place. The status of the expellees in post-war West Germany, which granted the right of return to the German diaspora, was legally defined in the Federal Expellee Law of 1953.〔 Federal Expellee Law (Germany) at juris.de ()〕 The deportation of Germans ended in 1950; from 1945–1950, nearly 3.2 million were removed. After that, authorities stated that there were (at most) a few thousand ethnic Germans living in Poland; these figures included ethnic Germans living among the Mazurians, Silesians and Kashubs. Prime minister Tadeusz Mazowiecki (in office 1989–91) was the first Polish prime minister to officially recognize the German minority. During the post-war period, Polish regained territories were resettled by Poles. Around 155,000 men from the Kresy (the Polish territories east of the Curzon line), who were drafted into the Polish army in 1944, were settled in the West after the war. About 2.9 million settlers came from central Poland, and as many as two million had been freed from forced labor in Nazi Germany. 1,126,000 were expelled from former Polish territories in the east; however, an estimated 525,000 Poles remained in those territories after the war. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Emigration from Poland to Germany after World War II」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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